Purpose: The present research was conducted to explain creativity, based on Self-management and creative Self-efficacy by mediating of educational engagement in elementary school students with learning Difficult. Method: The research method was a descriptive-correlation method with a path analysis design in the form of structural equations. The statistics society was included of students in 4th to 6th grads with learning problems that were engaged to educate in primary schools of Arak city in the academic year of 1400-1401, which were selected 200 boys’ and girls’ students (100 each gender) with learning problems as the research sample by using the purposeful sampling method. Data gathering tools were include Colorado Questionnaire, Shaffer's creativity questionnaire, Karwowski creative Self-efficacy, Houghton and Neck's Self-management, and Wilborn's educational engagement, which were completed by teachers and parents of students with learning Difficult. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson's correlation coefficients and path way analysis in SPSS and AMOS software. From structural equations modeling method was used to investigate the research model fitness.  Results: The findings showed that the research model have an agreeable fitness. Also acquired coefficients between variables parameters showed that meaningful direct effect of Self-management dimensions and creative Self-efficacy on educational engagement and creativity. In this means, by increasing the Self -management and creative Self-efficacy, there is a positive change in the degree of educational engagement and creativity in students with learning problems. So, the relationships between the variables of the model drawn in this research were confirmed.

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of effective school-based Self-control skill training on increasing psychological hardiness and Self-efficacy of male students of the first secondary level.Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male students of the first secondary school in Qom city, 30 students were selected using the available sampling method and divided into two groups of 15 people completely randomly. Students in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based Self-control training program, and the control group did not receive training. Before and after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the psychological hardiness scale of Lang and Goulet (2003) and the Self-efficacy scale of children and adolescents (SEQ-C). The data was analyzed using spss-22 software and through repeated measures analysis of variance test.Findings: The results showed that school-based Self-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing students' psychological hardiness and Self-efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that school-based Self-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing psychological hardiness and Self-efficacy in students.

Background and aim: Inadequate bond strength of resin cements to dentin appears to be a typical cause of failure in retention of fiber posts. In restoring endodontically treated teeth with fiber posts the cement-dentin interface is the weakest link. This study aims to compare the effect of Self-etch and Self-adhesive resin cements on shear bond strength of fiber posts to dentin.Materials and methods: This in vitro experimental study included 40 mandibular premolars with a single canal. All samples received standardized endodontic treatment after meeting the inclusion criteria. They were randomly divided into four groups and a post space was prepared in each sample. A size two Match post RTD fiber post was cemented into each sample using CoreCem (RTD) in group A, Panavia F2 (Kuraray) in group B, Bis Cem (Bisco) in group C and Maxcem Elite (Kerr) in group D as cementing agents. All samples were then cut into two pieces. Each specimen was loaded with equal force using a Universal Testing Machine. The load was applied from the apical to the coronal portion of each sample until fracture occurred. The mean shear bond strength for two each group was recorded and statistically analyzed with ANOVA (one way) and Dunnett’s tests using SPSS.Results: The mean shear bond strength was found to be as follows: Group A: (12.66 ±3.77) MPa Group B: (14.61±4.18) MPa Group C: (7.26±2.49) MPa Group D: (6.68±3.17) Mpa, Significant difference was demonstrated between shear bond strength of four groups (P=0.001). Mean bond strengths of resin cements in group A and B were not statistically different. Same results were shown when comparing cements in group C and D. However, cements in group A and B (Self-etch) provided stronger bonds to dentin compared to group C and D (Self-adhesive), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: The use of Self-etch resin cements results in higher shear bond strength to dentin compared to Self-adhesive resin cements.

Background & Aim: The aims of this study were to assess the impact of dentofacial relationships and sex on: Self evaluation and Self satisfaction in 12-15 years old students in Qazvin in 2003, and to determine the correlation between type of school and variables determining malocclusion with Self evaluation and Self satisfaction.Method &Materials: A cross - sectional study two stage - cluster sampling was carried out among 120 students (58 girls, 62 boys) aged 12 - 15 years who attended 4 guidance - schools (2 public, 2 private) in Qazvin in 2003. All samples were examined clinically and a questionnaire was used to assess their Self evaluation and Self satisfaction. Data were analyzed by the means on Chi - square and Fisher exact test.Results: Overjet, crowding and severe maxillary irregularity were significantly related to Self evaluation. Overjet and severe mandibular irregularity were related to Self satisfaction. No sex difference was found. Type of school was not a significant factor affecting Self evaluation and Self satisfaction. High level of Self satisfaction has been found in the students. However, the majority of student had mid level of Self evaluation.Conclusion: Overjet is the only variable significant in 12-15 year old students affecting both Self evaluation and Self satisfaction. Subjective esthetic measure should be incorporated to clinical esthetic criteria. Good communication between dentist and patient is important in analyzing and planning esthetic treatment according to individual needs and desires.

In the critical review of the book “Ethics of management” written by Tomas Klikavar (2010), the present article has paid attention to the general approach of the author, the conceptual tools used, and the way of reasoning. According to the author, management, especially business management, due to the importance it attaches to the survival of the organization, has placed its fundamental principle on increasing benefit and earning profit, therefore, morality is not its fundamental issue, and it can even commit immorality in some cases, according to the necessity of tendencies and dispositions . As a theoretician of management ethics, from a historical point of view, the author has tried to show that business management has always been associated with unethical experiences, an experience that has continued until the present day as a kind of modern slavery. He believes that management ethics as an inter-discipline, which is considered a branch of management knowledge in terms of its subject, must be more intertwined with philosophy in practice. Finally, although the author has been able to show the inherent contradiction of management, especially business management, with ethics and provide a solution based on this, the fact that the author has succeeded in presenting a different theory in the field of “management ethics” is a matter of doubt and reflection.